Ping-pong diplomacy refers to the exchange of table tennis (ping-pong) players between the United States (US) and People's Republic of China (PRC) in the early 1970s, that began during the 1971 World Table Tennis Championships in Nagoya, Japan as a result of an encounter between players Glenn Cowan (of the US) and Zhuang Zedong (of the PRC). The exchange and its promotion helped to humanize the people in each country after a period of isolation and distrust. It paved the way for President Richard Nixon's visit to Beijing in 1972, and is considered a turning point in relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China.
Diplomacy is a crucial instrument of foreign policy that encompasses everything leaders do to advocate for their national interests around the world. It involves leveraging a vast array of foreign policy tools, including sanctions, foreign assistance, trade, and armed force. Diplomacy is the chief instrument of foreign policy, which is set by political leaders. It establishes goals, prescribes strategies, and sets the broad tactics to be used in their accomplishment. For example, during the Cold War, the United States and China used diplomacy to improve their relations. Secret talks and ping-pong diplomacy were some of the initiatives that helped normalize relations between the two countries. Please note that diplomacy is often confused with foreign policy, but they are not synonymous. Diplomacy is the main instrument of foreign policy that represents the broader goals and strategies guiding a state’s interactions with the rest of the world.

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